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Analyses | | Piotr Szymański
On March 5, Estonia updated its long-term National Defence Development Plan for 2017–2026. It has been divided into shorter four-year planning cycles, including a new medium-term one for 2022–2025. After a period of directing most of the…
OSW Commentary | | Ryszarda Formuszewicz, Szymon Kardaś, Agata Łoskot-Strachota
Russian ships resumed laying the Nord Stream 2 (NS2) gas pipeline on the Baltic Sea bed in February this year. Russia’s goal is to complete the project and put it into operation as soon as possible. This coincided with media reports that…
Point of View | | Marek Menkiszak
French President Emmanuel Macron has proclaimed the need to engage in dialogue with Russia and work with it to build an architecture of trust and security in Europe; he has managed to partially revive the channels of communication (…
OSW Report | | Andrzej Wilk
In the 2010s, Minsk lost the remnants of its independent defence capabilities and completely ceded the initiative to Moscow in this regard, remaining content with the appearance of sovereignty. The process of Belarusian-Russian military…
OSW Commentary | | Szymon Kardaś, Michał Kędzierski
Joint hydrogen energy projects are components of the comprehensive Russian-German energy cooperation which has been ongoing for more than five decades. Due to increasing demand for hydrogen resulting from Germany’s energy transition (…
OSW Commentary | | Piotr Szymański
International interest in Greenland has been growing for several years. This trend is a result of the increasing global competition between the US, China and Russia (including in the Arctic) and the acceleration of climate change, which is…
Analyses | | Marek Matusiak
On 23 March, Israel will hold its fourth early parliamentary elections in two years (the previous ones took place on 9 April 2019, 17 September 2019 and 2 March 2020). Polls show that 11-12 groups may join the 120-person Knesset (there are…
Analyses | | Kamil Kłysiński, Szymon Kardaś
On 19 February, Belarus and Russia signed an agreement to redirect exports of some Belarusian petroleum products from ports in the Baltic states to Russian ones. The three-year agreement covers the total handling of up to 9.8 million…
Analyses | | Sławomir Matuszak, Krzysztof Nieczypor
On 19 February, Ukraine’s President, Volodymyr Zelensky, approved the decision passed by the National Security and Defence Council (NSDC) to impose sanctions on 19 corporate entities and eight individuals. This includes Viktor Medvedchuk,…
Analyses | | Katarzyna Chawryło, Kamil Kłysiński
On 22 February, Vladimir Putin and Alyaksandr Lukashenka met in Krasnaya Polyana near Sochi. This is the first time the two leaders talked in person since 14 September last year. According to scant official information (no press conference…