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Analyses |
| Krzysztof Dębiec
The new government led by Robert Fico, which was appointed on 25 October, faces numerous challenges in domestic and foreign policy. The harsh campaign rhetoric used by the eventual winner of Slovakia’s parliamentary elections made Europe…
Analyses |
| Ilona Gizińska, Łukasz Kobeszko
On 13 October 2023, a law came into effect in Bulgaria which introduces an additional transit fee (referred to as the ‘energy levy’) for the import and transit of natural gas from the Russian Federation. The new levy was introduced as part…
Analyses |
| Andrzej Sadecki
On 17 October 2023 in Beijing, on the sidelines of the Belt and Road Forum organised by China, Hungary’s prime minister Viktor Orbán met Russian President Vladimir Putin. The talks included issues such as gas and oil supplies from Russia…
OSW Commentary |
| OSW team
The Russian invasion of Ukraine and the discussion about possible EU enlargement have given new impetus to the EU debate on institutional reforms. It is mainly Germany which has been setting the tone in this debate. For the ruling SPD-…
Analyses |
| Krzysztof Nieczypor
On 21 September the Verkhovna Rada, the parliament of Ukraine, voted to amend the Law on National Minorities (Communities). All the parliamentary groups unanimously voted in its favour (only three MPs abstained from voting, no one opposed…
Analyses |
| Krzysztof Dębiec
In the elections held on 30 September to the Národná Rada, the unicameral Slovak parliament, the best result was achieved by the national-left party Smer (Direction)-Social Democracy, led by the former three-time prime minister Robert Fico…
OSW Commentary |
| Sandra Baniak
For many years, it seemed that the Adriatic ports would not offer any significant competition to those in the North and the Baltic Seas in their rivalry for Central European markets. However, in recent times investments in port and access…