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Analyses |
| Aleksandra Kozaczyńska
In 2024, the United States was Germany’s most important trading partner, with a trade volume of €253.4 billion and a surplus of €70 billion (see table). The US thus surpassed the previous leader, China (€254.2 billion in trade volume in…
OSW Commentary |
| Łukasz Maślanka, Piotr Szymański
NATO and the EU, Europe’s two most important security institutions, are currently pursuing their second round of efforts within the past decade to enhance the crisis resilience of states and societies. The first followed Russia’s…
OSW Commentary |
| Wojciech Konończuk
Despite advances by Russian forces, the third year of full-scale war has not seen a fundamental shift in the military situation. However, it has brought a significant political shift with Donald Trump assuming the US presidency on 20…
Analyses |
| Ilona Gizińska
Between 11 and 12 February, Alice Weidel, the chancellor candidate endorsed by the far-right Alternative for Germany (AfD) party, visited Budapest. During a nearly hour-long joint press conference, Viktor Orbán stated that he regarded all…
OSW Commentary |
| Jakub Graca, Justyna Gotkowska
NATO is in the process of adjusting its nuclear deterrence in response to the modernisation of Russia’s nuclear capabilities, the deployment of Russian tactical nuclear weapons near NATO’s borders, and the Kremlin’s increasingly aggressive…
Analyses |
| Michał Kędzierski, Agata Łoskot-Strachota
On 4 March, the meeting of the EU Energy Council addressed the issue of the German gas storage levy (Gasspeicherumlage) and the need for greater coordination at the European level as requested by delegations from Austria, the Czech…
OSW Commentary |
| OSW team
The Russian invasion of Ukraine and the discussion about possible EU enlargement have given new impetus to the EU debate on institutional reforms. It is mainly Germany which has been setting the tone in this debate. For the ruling SPD-…
Analyses |
| Krzysztof Dębiec
The President of the Czech Republic, Petr Pavel, visited Berlin on 20 and 21 March. He met his counterpart Frank-Walter Steinmeier and the German Chancellor Olaf Scholz, as well as former President Joachim Gauck and Angela Merkel’s long-…
Analyses |
| Andrzej Sadecki
On 9–11 October, Prime Minister Viktor Orbán paid a visit to Germany, the highlight of which was a meeting with Chancellor Olaf Scholz. According to press reports, Orbán also met with Angela Merkel and former CDU leader Armin Laschet. In…
OSW Commentary |
| Krzysztof Dębiec, Michał Kędzierski
Lignite still plays an important role in the Czech and German power industries, remaining one of their key sources of electricity. These countries, together with Poland, are the largest producers and consumers of this fuel in the EU. The…