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Analyses | | Katarzyna Chawryło, Tadeusz Iwański

No breakthrough at the Normandy Four summit in Paris

On 9 December, a meeting of the leaders of Ukraine, Russia, France and Germany was held in Paris under the so-called “Normandy Format” dedicated to resolving the conflict in eastern Ukraine. This was the first such meeting since 2016. The…
Analyses | | Kamil Kłysiński, Katarzyna Chawryło, Iwona Wiśniewska

The failure of the Russian-Belarusian summit

Presidents Vladimir Putin and Alyaksandr Lukashenka met on 7 December in Sochi, Russia. They spent five hours discussing issues linked to the integration of the two countries. It had been announced that the talks would end in the signing…