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Analyses | | Iwona Wiśniewska

The EUs decision to use the profits generated by frozen Russian assets

On 21 May, the Council of the European Union approved a plan to allocate the profits generated by frozen Russian state assets to support Ukraine. Central securities depositories in the EU (national or international financial institutions…
OSW Commentary | | Maria Domańska, Iwona Wiśniewska, Piotr Żochowski

Caught in the jaws of the russkiy mir Ukraines occupied regions a year after their annexation

Although Kremlin propaganda has attempted to present the occupied Donetsk, Luhansk, Kherson and Zaporizhzhia oblasts as permanent elements of the Russian Federation (RF), Russia’s policy towards them has been characterised by violence and…
Analyses | | Iwona Wiśniewska, Andrzej Wilk, Sławomir Matuszak, Adam Michalski

Russia renewed blockade of Ukrainian grain exports by sea

On 29 October, explosions occurred at the Russian Black Sea Fleet base in Sevastopol, most likely the result of an attack using unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) in the form of explosive-laden speedboats. The incident was reported by Moscow…
Analyses | | Adam Michalski, Krzysztof Nieczypor, Iwona Wiśniewska

Grain under fire agreement to unblock Black Sea ports

On July 22 in Istanbul – after a series of negotiations initiated by Turkey with the participation of the UN – Ukraine and Russia agreed on the terms for the creation of a secure corridor for the transportation of grain, food and…
Analyses | | Kamil Kłysiński, Katarzyna Chawryło, Iwona Wiśniewska

The failure of the Russian-Belarusian summit

Presidents Vladimir Putin and Alyaksandr Lukashenka met on 7 December in Sochi, Russia. They spent five hours discussing issues linked to the integration of the two countries. It had been announced that the talks would end in the signing…
Analyses | | Iwona Wiśniewska, Sławomir Matuszak, Jan Strzelecki

Russias response to Ukrainian sanctions

The Russian government imposed economic sanctions on Ukraine on 1 November by way of a decree passed by the president of the Russian Federation on 22 October. According to the document, the funds, securities and assets of selected…
OSW Studies | | Iwona Wiśniewska

Eurasian integration Russias attempt at the economic unification of the Post-Soviet area

In 2009, Vladimir Putin, the then Russian prime minister, gave impetus to the establishment of closer relations within what was then a still narrow group of three countries: Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus. Close co-operation is expected to…
Analyses | | Iwona Wiśniewska

Signing an agreement on a free-trade zone within the CIS

This document is intended to replace more than 100 bilateral agreements which currently govern free trade between these countries. The free trade area can only come into force when all the signatory states ratify it.
Analyses | | Aleksandra Jarosiewicz, Kamil Kłysiński, Iwona Wiśniewska

Common Economic Space another step towards integration focused on Russia

The chances of Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus creating a common market in the planned form and by the intended deadline are limited. Closer cooperation between those countries will be the result of a lengthy and difficult process.
Analyses | | Iwona Wiśniewska

The customs union Russias political project

The nature of the CU and the manner of its introduction show that for Russia, the move is above all of political significance, and serves to strength Moscow’s influence in the region.