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Analyses | | Michał Kędzierski, Szymon Kardaś, Agata Łoskot-Strachota

Germanys non-paper defending Nord Stream 2 addressed to the members of the US Congress

On 28 November, the American news website Axios reported on a non-paper that was sent on 19 November by the German government, via the embassy in Washington, to members of the US Congress concerning the Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline. Its…
Analyses | | Agata Łoskot-Strachota

Russian gas on the EU market increased transmission and continuing uncertainty

According to President Vladimir Putin's instructions, Gazprom began filling its European gas storage facilities on 8 November. According to information from the company, on 9 November a plan to pump gas into five facilities began…
OSW Commentary | | Agata Łoskot-Strachota, Mateusz Seroka, Marta Szpala

TurkStream on the diversifying south-eastern European gas market

December 2020 saw the completion of another part (Bulgaria–Serbia) of the European section of the TurkStream gas pipeline, through which gas has been exported from Russia to south--eastern Europe since January 2020. The capacity of the…
OSW Commentary | | Ryszarda Formuszewicz, Szymon Kardaś, Agata Łoskot-Strachota

The dispute over Nord Stream 2 the stances and the outlook

Russian ships resumed laying the Nord Stream 2 (NS2) gas pipeline on the Baltic Sea bed in February this year. Russia’s goal is to complete the project and put it into operation as soon as possible. This coincided with media reports that…