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OSW Commentary | | Łukasz Maślanka, Piotr Szymański

The resilience of the European Union and NATO in an era of multiple crises

NATO and the EU, Europe’s two most important security institutions, are currently pursuing their second round of efforts within the past decade to enhance the crisis resilience of states and societies. The first followed Russia’s…
Analyses | | Piotr Szymański, Jacek Tarociński

Sweden reinventing total defence and a proactive stance in NATO

On 17 December, the Swedish parliament adopted the country’s defence resolution for 2025–2030. This is the first document to outline the primary directions for military cooperation and the development of Sweden’s defence capabilities in…
Analyses | | Piotr Szymański, Filip Rudnik

Denmark and Sweden how to stop the shadow fleet

On 16 June, Denmark’s foreign minister Lars Løkke Rasmussen announced that Copenhagen had assembled a coalition of countries to evaluate the possibility of introducing new restrictions against the ‘shadow fleet’ in the Baltic Sea. These…
OSW Commentary | | Piotr Szymański

The northern tandem The Swedish-Finnish defence cooperation

In response to the change in the security environment after 2014, militarily non-aligned Sweden and Finland are developing their defence cooperation with NATO and the USA and strengthening their bilateral defence relationship. Although a…
Analyses | | Agata Łoskot-Strachota, Szymon Kardaś, Piotr Szymański

The European Commission is ready to talk to Russia about Nord Stream 2

On 28 March, the European Commission sent a letter to the governments of Denmark and Sweden, in which it confirmed its position on Nord Stream 2.
OSW Studies | | Piotr Szymański, Justyna Gotkowska

Between co-operation and membership Sweden and Finlands relations with NATO

Sweden and Finland’s membership in NATO would significantly improve the level of security in the Baltic Sea region in the long-term by changing the politico-military imbalance that is currently in Russia’s favour. However, it is unlikely…
Analyses | | Justyna Gotkowska, Piotr Szymański

Gotland and Åland on the Baltic chessboard – Swedish and Finnish concerns

Sweden and Finland are increasingly concerned about the defence of their Baltic Sea islands, Gotland and the Åland Islands.
OSW Commentary | | Justyna Gotkowska, Piotr Szymański

The Nordic countries on Nord Stream 2 between scepticism and neutrality

Sweden, Finland and Denmark have seen a revival of the debate on the Nord Stream 2 project in recent months.
OSW Commentary | | Justyna Gotkowska, Piotr Szymański

Pro-American non-alignment Sweden and Finland develop closer military co-operation with the United States

Russia’s increasingly aggressive policy and its enhanced activity in the Nordic-Baltic region has led to revaluations in Sweden’s and Finland’s security policies.