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Analyses | | Agata Łoskot-Strachota

Sanctions against Nord Stream 2 in the US defence budget

The US Congress adopted the defence budget (National Defense Authorization Act, NDAA) for 2020 which envisages sanctions concerning the Nord Stream 2 (NS2) gas pipeline. On 9 December, the document was passed by the House of…
Analyses | | Katarzyna Chawryło, Tadeusz Iwański

No breakthrough at the Normandy Four summit in Paris

On 9 December, a meeting of the leaders of Ukraine, Russia, France and Germany was held in Paris under the so-called “Normandy Format” dedicated to resolving the conflict in eastern Ukraine. This was the first such meeting since 2016. The…
Analyses | | Kamil Kłysiński, Katarzyna Chawryło, Iwona Wiśniewska

The failure of the Russian-Belarusian summit

Presidents Vladimir Putin and Alyaksandr Lukashenka met on 7 December in Sochi, Russia. They spent five hours discussing issues linked to the integration of the two countries. It had been announced that the talks would end in the signing…
Analyses | | Kamil Frymark

New SPD leadership – the coalitions future is uncertain

The results of the runoff for the SPD’s leaders held inside the party were announced on 1 December. It was won by the duo composed of Saskia Esken and Norbert Walter-Borjans, who were supported by 53% of the party members. Their counter-…