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Analyses | | Michał Kędzierski, Szymon Kardaś, Agata Łoskot-Strachota
On 28 November, the American news website Axios reported on a non-paper that was sent on 19 November by the German government, via the embassy in Washington, to members of the US Congress concerning the Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline. Its…
OSW Report | | Maria Domańska, Jadwiga Rogoża
The Kremlin's vision of the past is becoming increasingly ideologised. This applies especially to the notion of victory over Nazi Germany in 1945, which has become a kind of a founding myth of Putinism. The historical narrative is intended…
OSW Commentary | | Marek Menkiszak
Recent weeks have brought further displays of Russia’s escalating aggressive rhetoric and actions towards Ukraine, including troop movements near its border, as well as use of energy as leverage. This raises questions about Moscow’s…
Analyses | | Michał Kędzierski, Szymon Kardaś
On 16 November, the German Federal Network Agency (Bundesnetzagentur, BNetzA) announced it was suspending the process of certifying Nord Stream 2 AG (NS2AG) as an independent transmission system operator. In its statement the regulator…
OSW Report | | Michał Bogusz, Jakub Jakóbowski, Witold Rodkiewicz
The asymmetric alliance between Russia and China is the product of a long and unevenly paced process of relation-building that was launched by both sides shortly after the collapse of the Soviet Union.
Analyses | | Maria Domańska
On 11 November, the Russian Prosecutor General's Office petitioned the Supreme Court to liquidate the Memorial organisation (full name: International Historical and Educational, Charity and Human Rights Society “Memorial”) along with its…
Analyses | | Agata Łoskot-Strachota
According to President Vladimir Putin's instructions, Gazprom began filling its European gas storage facilities on 8 November. According to information from the company, on 9 November a plan to pump gas into five facilities began…
Analyses | | Piotr Żochowski
Since the beginning of the rise in tension on the Polish-Belarusian border and the escalation of the migration crisis, Moscow has taken a position that unequivocally justifies the actions taken by Alyaksandr Lukashenka’s regime. On 1…
Analyses | | Kamil Kłysiński, Piotr Żochowski
On 4 November 2021, a meeting of the Supreme State Council of the Union State of Russia and Belarus, attended by the two countries’ presidents, prime ministers and speakers of parliaments, was held in the form of a video conference. During…
Analyses | | Szymon Kardaś
In recent weeks, Russia has contributed to the deepening crisis on the European natural gas market, mainly by taking the following steps: abandoning the filling of warehouses which Gazprom owns or rents in selected EU countries; its lack…