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OSW Commentary | | Jakub Graca, Jacek Tarociński

Sweden in NATO the rear for the Alliances north-eastern flank

Sweden has been on the threshold of membership in NATO since the Alliance’s Madrid summit in June 2022. However, for its full-fledged participation in all NATO political and military structures, it still needs Turkey and Hungary to ratify…
OSW Commentary | | Bartosz Chmielewski, Jacek Tarociński

The Baltic states and Finland fencing themselves off from Russia and Belarus

The migratory pressure on the Polish, Lithuanian and Latvian borders with Belarus which has been ongoing since mid-2021, as well as Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine, have spurred the Baltic states and Finland to ramp up their…
OSW Commentary | | Bartosz Chmielewski

How to postpone a demographic crisis Estonia and the lifeline of immigration

Estonia is the only one of the three Baltic states to have recorded stable population growth in recent years. The main reason for this has been the increasingly positive rates of immigration and re-remigration, which have enabled Estonia…
OSW Commentary | | Bartosz Chmielewski

Far behind Riga Latvias problems with uneven development

Latvia’s economic situation is gradually deteriorating due to its uneven development. One of the main reasons for this is that the metropolis of Riga accounts for as much as two-thirds of the country’s economic growth. Economic and social…
OSW Commentary | | OSW team

A multi-speed mobilisation NATOs eastern flank one year after the Russian invasion of Ukraine

The Russian invasion of Ukraine has challenged the security of the countries of NATO's eastern flank on an unprecedented scale. The Baltic states, the Visegrad Group and the Black Sea states are all situated in the neighbourhood of Ukraine…