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OSW Commentary |
| Szymon Kardaś
Although the importance of global climate challenges is systematically growing, the actions which the Russian authorities have undertaken in this area to date have been very limited. Moscow has not evaded international cooperation to…
Analyses |
| Piotr Żochowski
The Belarusian government has decided to close land border crossings for people wishing to leave the country from 21 December until further notice. The regulation to this effect was issued on 7 December by the government, supplementing the…
Analyses |
| Marta Szpala, Mateusz Seroka
Due to objections from Bulgaria, the EU Council did not adopt the conclusions on the enlargement policy, including the negotiating framework with North Macedonia and Albania proposed by the European Commission (EC) in December this year.…
Analyses |
| Witold Rodkiewicz, Andrzej Wilk, Piotr Żochowski
On 1 December, Russia signed an agreement with Sudan allowing it to create a repair and resupply naval facility in Port Sudan. It will have a full-time staff of no more than 300 and will be able to accommodate up to four Russian Navy…
OSW Commentary |
| Kamil Całus
On 3 November, the Romanian parliament declared that 4 June would be a new public holiday commemorating the signing of the Treaty of Trianon on that day in 1920. This document formalised the transfer of large territories then belonging to…
OSW Report |
| Michał Kędzierski, Rafał Bajczuk
For years, Germany has claimed to be the leader of global climate policy and has continued to raise the issue of global warming on the international forum. All over the world, Germany is associated with the transition to renewable energy…
OSW Commentary |
| Kamil Kłysiński
The massive public protests against the rigging of the presidential election’s results which began on 9 August have led to the deepest political crisis in the history of independent Belarus. For the first time, a situation has arisen in…
Analyses |
| Krzysztof Dębiec
On 20 November, the Chamber of Deputies adopted a package of tax changes, which – if finally approved – will result in the largest fiscal reform in the Czech Republic since at least 2008. In effect, a 15% income tax rate will be imposed…
Analyses |
| Jadwiga Rogoża, Iwona Wiśniewska
Despite the high-profile propaganda campaign accompanying the registration in Russia of the Sputnik V coronavirus vaccine, the testing process is taking longer and longer, and the initial forecasts for large-scale production have proved to…
Analyses |
| Marek Matusiak
Despite the special relations existing between the United States and Israel, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu congratulated Joe Biden and Kamala Harris relatively late (with a Tweet on 8 November), without specifying what he was…