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Analyses |
| Krzysztof Dębiec
The new government led by Robert Fico, which was appointed on 25 October, faces numerous challenges in domestic and foreign policy. The harsh campaign rhetoric used by the eventual winner of Slovakia’s parliamentary elections made Europe…
OSW Commentary |
| OSW team
Since the EU decided in June 2022 to temporarily lift customs duties on Ukrainian imports, including agri-food imports, the sudden inflow of grain from Ukraine has become increasingly problematic for Central European countries. In May this…
Analyses |
| Filip Rudnik
Although the West introduced sanctions on seaborne imports of Russian oil in December 2022, Russian budget revenues from oil exports have soared in the second half of this year. This suggests that the price cap has been largely ineffective…
Analyses |
| Ilona Gizińska, Łukasz Kobeszko
On 13 October 2023, a law came into effect in Bulgaria which introduces an additional transit fee (referred to as the ‘energy levy’) for the import and transit of natural gas from the Russian Federation. The new levy was introduced as part…
Analyses |
| Iwona Wiśniewska
On 17 October, the Novosibirsk-based Food Export Trade and the state-owned China Chengtong International Ltd signed a 12-year ‘general contract’ to supply China with 70 million tonnes of grain, legumes and oilseeds produced in the Urals,…
OSW Commentary |
| Iwona Wiśniewska
Public funds became the most important lever of economic activity in the Russian Federation when it invaded Ukraine and due to Western sanctions. According to the Russian finance ministry’s estimates, the total value of budget support for…
Analyses |
| Kamil Frymark
On 23 October, Sahra Wagenknecht, the former chairwoman of the Die Linke parliamentary group, announced that a new party would be set up based on the Bündnis Sahra Wagenknecht–for Reason and Justice (BSW) association which was registered…
Analyses |
| Andrzej Wilk, Piotr Żochowski
The Russians have fortified their positions on the north-eastern outskirts of Avdiivka, and made further attempts to break through the Ukrainian defences to the north-west, south and south-west of the town. Ukrainian forces tried to…
Analyses |
| Krzysztof Strachota
The crisis over the Gaza Strip has sparked immense political and social unrest in Turkey. Since 7 October, the Turkish government has been hardening its stance, resorting to a wide range of measures: from calls for de-escalation, through…
Analyses |
| Lidia Gibadło, Kamil Frymark
On 17 October 2023, German Chancellor Olaf Scholz met Israel’s Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and President Yitzhak Herzog in Tel Aviv. In a statement to the press, he once again condemned the attack by Hamas, emphasised Germany’s…