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Analyses |
| Michał Kędzierski
On 31 March 2023, the German Association of Gas Transmission Network Operators (FNB Gas) presented its draft Plan for gas network development in 2022–32 (Netzentwicklungsplan Gas/NEP Gas 2022–2032). The document was published after a delay…
OSW Commentary |
| Witold Rodkiewicz
On 31 March, President Vladimir Putin signed the new ‘Foreign Policy Concept of the Russian Federation’. This is the fifth version of the document adopted by the Russian Federation, and the fourth under his rule (the previous ones were…
Analyses |
| Filip Rudnik
On 21 March, during the Russian-Chinese bilateral talks, Vladimir Putin announced that “practically all the parameters” concerning the planned Power of Siberia-2 gas pipeline had been agreed with the Chinese side. Russian media reported…
Analyses |
| Agata Łoskot-Strachota
The tenth meeting of the EU-US Energy Council was held in Brussels on 4 April. The EU was represented by the High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy Josep Borrell, Energy Commissioner Kadri Simson and the Swedish…
Analyses |
| Paulina Wankiewicz
Since the beginning of the year, disputes have been mounting in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) over the directions and sources of new gas supplies. These mainly concern the construction of a gas interconnector with Croatia. The plans to…
Analyses |
| Justyna Gotkowska, Jacek Tarociński
On 4 April, the seventy-fourth anniversary of NATO’s foundation, Finland became its thirty-first member. On that day, Turkey – the last country to approve Finnish membership in the Alliance – handed over its ratification documents to the…
OSW Commentary |
| Karolina Zielińska
In late 2020 and early 2021, Israel established official diplomatic relations with the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain (the Abraham Accords), renewed its relations with Morocco, and took steps towards establishing relations with Sudan, in…
Analyses |
| Łukasz Kobeszko
Early elections were held in Bulgaria on 2 April, and once again they failed to produce a clear outcome. The two strongest blocs, both led by former prime ministers – GERB-Society of Democratic Forces (GERB-SDS) under Boyko Borisov, and…
Analyses |
| Łukasz Kobeszko
The second round of Montenegro’s presidential elections, held on 2 April, was won by Jakov Milatović, a co-founder of the Europe Now party. He won 60% of the vote, while his rival, the incumbent Milo Djukanović, received 40%. Turnout was…
Analyses |
| Andrzej Wilk, Jakub Ber
Ukrainian forces have improved their tactical situation as a result of their counterattack on the western side of the Donetsk-Donbas canal in the Ozarianivka area, and the seizure of some areas in the strip of no-man’s-land in the…