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OSW Studies | | Tadeusz A Olszański

A quarter-century of independent Ukraine. Dimensions of transformation

On 24 August 1991, the Supreme Council of the Ukrainian SSR proclaimed independence, and on 1 December the same year, the Ukrainian people ratified that proclamation in a referendum. The new Ukrainian state had some very important assets,…
OSW Commentary | | Artur Ciechanowicz

Predictability lost the German political scene after the elections

Both in Germany and abroad, the commentary on the recent elections in Germany has been dominated by the analysis of the results scored by AfD.
OSW Studies | | Rafał Bajczuk

The unfinished reform. An assessment of the energy transformation in Germany

In its time in power, which is shortly to end, the CDU/CSU-SPD coalition introduced key legislative changes enabling a further transformation of the energy sector.  
Point of View | | Maria Domańska

Conflict-dependent Russia. The domestic determinants of the Kremlin's anti-Western policy

The Kremlin’s foreign policy is subordinate above all to the domestic political aims of the ruling elite.
OSW Commentary | | Piotr Rudkouski

Soft Belarusianisation The ideology of Belarus in the era of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict

Over the past three years, a distinct change has become visible in the ideological discourse of the government of Belarus.