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OSW Commentary | | Kamil Kłysiński

The end of prosperity The state of Belarusian refineries

The sanctions imposed by the West after 2020, along with the involvement of Alyaksandr Lukashenka’s regime in the invasion of Ukraine, have severely impacted Belarus’spetrochemical sector. The EU’s embargo on the import of petroleum…
OSW Commentary | | Marcin Jędrysiak

Zelensky Yermak and Ukraines wartime governance

A peculiar political system has emerged during the five years of Volodymyr Zelensky’s rule in Ukraine, with virtually all power concentrated in the hands of the head of state and the Office of the President of Ukraine (OPU) which he…
OSW Commentary | | Joanna Hyndle-Hussein, Kamil Kłysiński

A difficult legacy Tensions over how to interpret the shared past of Lithuanian and Belarusian peoples

Hostile attitudes towards Belarusians in Lithuania have become more widespread as a result of the Russian invasion of Ukraine with Belarus’s involvement. This animosity has been further exacerbated by the ongoing debate in the Lithuanian…
OSW Commentary | | Sławomir Matuszak

An increasingly important partner Polands exports to and investment in Ukraine

The Russian invasion of Ukraine has caused a surge in Polish-Ukrainian trade, mainly due to an increase in Polish exports which grew by more than 80% between 2021 and 2023. Poland’s imports have remained at pre-war levels, with the…