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OSW Report | | Agata Łoskot-Strachota

Energy policy in times of war and transition. Priorities of the Central and Eastern European countries and Germany

Since the outbreak of Russia’s full-scale war against Ukraine, the effective implementation of three key energy policy objectives has gained importance: ensuring energy security alongside the EU’s ambitious climate agenda, maintaining…
Point of View | | Łukasz Maślanka

The patchwork defence union. Shifts in the EU’s security policy following the Russian invasion of Ukraine

Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 provided an impulse for the development of EU security and defence policy initiatives. Member states provided significant military assistance to Kyiv, making innovative use of Common…
OSW Commentary | | Łukasz Maślanka, Piotr Szymański

The resilience of the European Union and NATO in an era of multiple crises

NATO and the EU, Europe’s two most important security institutions, are currently pursuing their second round of efforts within the past decade to enhance the crisis resilience of states and societies. The first followed Russia’s…
OSW Commentary | | Wojciech Konończuk

Year three of the war Russias hopes for victory and a crisis in transatlantic relations

Despite advances by Russian forces, the third year of full-scale war has not seen a fundamental shift in the military situation. However, it has brought a significant political shift with Donald Trump assuming the US presidency on 20…
OSW Commentary | | Joanna Hyndle-Hussein

Lithuania is losing people without a fight

Lithuania ranks among the world’s top ten fastest-depopulating countries.[1] Throughout over three decades of independence, its population has dramatically decreased by over 800,000 people. The current population stands at just 2.8 million…
OSW Report | | Marek Menkiszak

Winning the war with Russia is still possible. The West’s counter-strategy towards Moscow

Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine aims to subjugate or destroy Ukraine, overturn the current political and security order in Europe, and fundamentally revise the global order. The conflict is systemic in nature and will continue as…
OSW Commentary | | Piotr Szymański

Universal selective and lottery-based conscription in the Nordic and Baltic states

The Nordic and Baltic region is currently experiencing a significant expansion of conscription and reserve forces. In addition to accelerated military modernisation and the reinforcement of NATO’s north-eastern flank, enhancing…
OSW Commentary | | Bartosz Chmielewski, Sandra Baniak

Low speed rail Delays in the implementation of the Rail Baltica project

Alongside Via Baltica, Rail Baltica (RB), which involves the construction of a high-speed railway (HSR) connecting the Baltic state’s capitals, has been the most important infrastructural venture carried out by these states since they…
OSW Commentary | | Joanna Hyndle-Hussein, Kamil Kłysiński

A difficult legacy Tensions over how to interpret the shared past of Lithuanian and Belarusian peoples

Hostile attitudes towards Belarusians in Lithuania have become more widespread as a result of the Russian invasion of Ukraine with Belarus’s involvement. This animosity has been further exacerbated by the ongoing debate in the Lithuanian…
OSW Commentary | | Bartosz Chmielewski

Looking for a way out Latvias demographic crisis

Due to its negative natural increase and emigration, Latvia is one of the fastest depopulating countries in the world, losing 18,000–20,000 inhabitants annually – the equivalent of a medium-sized Latvian town. Although the country’s…