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OSW Commentary | | Wojciech Konończuk
Despite advances by Russian forces, the third year of full-scale war has not seen a fundamental shift in the military situation. However, it has brought a significant political shift with Donald Trump assuming the US presidency on 20…
Analyses | | Kamil Całus
On 31 January, the European Commission approved €64 million in non-repayable aid for Moldova, including €20 million to alleviate the energy crisis in Transnistria.
OSW Report | | Marek Menkiszak
Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine aims to subjugate or destroy Ukraine, overturn the current political and security order in Europe, and fundamentally revise the global order. The conflict is systemic in nature and will continue as…
Analyses | | Paulina Wankiewicz
During President Emmanuel Macron’s official visit to Belgrade from 29 to 30 August, Serbia and France signed several cooperation agreements in areas such as environmental protection, agriculture, the utilisation of critical raw materials,…
Analyses | | Maria Domańska, Piotr Żochowski, Witold Rodkiewicz
On 1 August, Ankara witnessed the largest prisoner exchange between the US and Russia since the Cold War. The exchange also involved Belarus, Germany, Poland, Norway, and Slovenia.
OSW Commentary | | Jakub Graca, Justyna Gotkowska
NATO is in the process of adjusting its nuclear deterrence in response to the modernisation of Russia’s nuclear capabilities, the deployment of Russian tactical nuclear weapons near NATO’s borders, and the Kremlin’s increasingly aggressive…
OSW Commentary | | Zuzanna Krzyżanowska
Ankara’s active policy in the Caucasus and Central Asia is linked among other things with pan-Turkism, an idea which advocates the integration of the Turkic nations. It is continuously present in the political culture of the Turkish state…
OSW Report | | Konrad Popławski, Sandra Baniak, Adam Michalski, Marcin Popławski
Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, which has now been ongoing for almost two years, is not only leading to significant political re-evaluations, but is also bringing with it significant transformations in Eurasian transport routes. One of the…
Analyses | | Jakub Graca, Witold Rodkiewicz
The annual meeting of the OSCE Ministerial Council took place from 30 November to 1 December in the capital of North Macedonia. Due to the participation of Russian foreign minister Sergei Lavrov in the meeting, the foreign ministers of…
Analyses | | Ilona Gizińska, Łukasz Kobeszko
On 13 October 2023, a law came into effect in Bulgaria which introduces an additional transit fee (referred to as the ‘energy levy’) for the import and transit of natural gas from the Russian Federation. The new levy was introduced as part…