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OSW Commentary |
| Łukasz Maślanka, Piotr Szymański
NATO and the EU, Europe’s two most important security institutions, are currently pursuing their second round of efforts within the past decade to enhance the crisis resilience of states and societies. The first followed Russia’s…
Analyses |
| Ilona Gizińska, Paulina Wankiewicz
In July, the Russian oil company Lukoil ceased its oil supplies to Slovakia and Hungary due to sanctions imposed by Ukraine.
Analyses |
| OSWs Central European Department
Following Ukraine's decision on 24 June to extend sanctions on the Russian oil company Lukoil, including the transit of oil through Ukrainian territory, the company suspended deliveries via the southern branch of the Druzhba pipeline,…
Analyses |
| Ilona Gizińska, Krzysztof Nieczypor
On 2 July, Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbán and President Volodymyr Zelensky met in Kyiv. This was his first visit to Ukraine in seven years, taking place a day after Budapest assumed the rotating presidency of the Council of the…
OSW Commentary |
| Jakub Graca, Justyna Gotkowska
NATO is in the process of adjusting its nuclear deterrence in response to the modernisation of Russia’s nuclear capabilities, the deployment of Russian tactical nuclear weapons near NATO’s borders, and the Kremlin’s increasingly aggressive…
Analyses |
| Ilona Gizińska, Łukasz Kobeszko
On 13 October 2023, a law came into effect in Bulgaria which introduces an additional transit fee (referred to as the ‘energy levy’) for the import and transit of natural gas from the Russian Federation. The new levy was introduced as part…
Analyses |
| Andrzej Sadecki
On 17 October 2023 in Beijing, on the sidelines of the Belt and Road Forum organised by China, Hungary’s prime minister Viktor Orbán met Russian President Vladimir Putin. The talks included issues such as gas and oil supplies from Russia…
Analyses |
| Ilona Gizińska, Filip Rudnik, Andrzej Sadecki
Hungary’s foreign and trade minister Péter Szijjártó met Aleksander Novak, Russia’s deputy prime minister in charge of energy, and Rosatom head Alexei Likhachev in Moscow on 11 April. He stressed that despite the expected criticism from…
Analyses |
| Andrzej Sadecki
Relations between Hungary and Russia have moved beyond a pragmatic energy co-operation.
Analyses |
| Andrzej Sadecki
Russia has shown that it is able, regardless of sanctions, to build close co-operation with those EU member states which are interested in it.