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OSW Commentary |
| Maria Domańska, Piotr Żochowski
The presidential pseudo-election on 15–17 March was orchestrated to be an unequivocal triumph for Vladimir Putin, and as proof of allegedly overwhelming public support for his policies, including the ongoing invasion of Ukraine. The…
OSW Commentary |
| Filip Rudnik
The successive moves to tighten the Western sanctions regime targeting the Russian LNG sector have aggravated the problems affecting it as it faces major difficulties which are jeopardising its further development. The technology embargo…
OSW Commentary |
| Wojciech Konończuk
The second year of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has not brought any breakthrough, let alone a resolution to the conflict, and all indications are that none of this could have been avoided. After 24 months of facing Russia’s full-scale…
OSW Commentary |
| Maria Domańska, Marek Menkiszak, Katarzyna Chawryło
On 16 February, the Russian Federal Penitentiary Service announced that Alexei Navalny, the leading figure of the Russian democratic opposition, had died in a penal colony. The circumstances of his death remain unclear, and the official…
OSW Commentary |
| Marcin Jędrysiak
The almost two-year-long Russian assault has inflicted huge losses on Ukraine. According to the World Bank, the latter lost $135 billion in direct costs in the first twelve months of the war alone. The total economic, social and monetary…
OSW Commentary |
| Kamil Całus
The resistance of the defenders of Ukraine, which resulted in the failure of the original goals of Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine launched in 2022, has brought about a radical change in the political and economic situation of the…
OSW Commentary |
| Jacek Tarociński
2023 was a landmark year in terms of the scale and intensity of international military exercises among the countries on NATO’s north-eastern flank, as well as the coordination between these exercises. This was a culmination of the process…
OSW Commentary |
| Jakub Ber
The Russian invasion of Ukraine, which started in February 2022, has caused not only the deaths and suffering of thousands of people, but also huge environmental damage. It has also exacerbated the enormous environmental problems of the…
OSW Commentary |
| Witold Rodkiewicz, Tadeusz Iwański
No major success has been seen during the past five months of the Ukrainian counteroffensive. In an interview for the Economist on 1 November, General Valerii Zaluzhnyi, the Ukrainian army’s commander-in-chief, described the situation on…
OSW Commentary |
| Maria Domańska
In 2023, Russia has seen a spike in acts of destruction or removal from public space of monuments and symbols commemorating the victims of political repression, primarily Poles. This is connected with Russia’s full-scale assault on Ukraine…