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OSW Commentary | | Łukasz Maślanka, Piotr Szymański

The resilience of the European Union and NATO in an era of multiple crises

NATO and the EU, Europe’s two most important security institutions, are currently pursuing their second round of efforts within the past decade to enhance the crisis resilience of states and societies. The first followed Russia’s…
OSW Commentary | | Wojciech Konończuk

Year three of the war Russias hopes for victory and a crisis in transatlantic relations

Despite advances by Russian forces, the third year of full-scale war has not seen a fundamental shift in the military situation. However, it has brought a significant political shift with Donald Trump assuming the US presidency on 20…
OSW Commentary | | Jakub Graca, Justyna Gotkowska

NATOs nuclear deterrence is it time for change

NATO is in the process of adjusting its nuclear deterrence in response to the modernisation of Russia’s nuclear capabilities, the deployment of Russian tactical nuclear weapons near NATO’s borders, and the Kremlin’s increasingly aggressive…
OSW Report | | Konrad Popławski, Sandra Baniak, Adam Michalski, Marcin Popławski

The Middle Corridor. A Eurasian alternative to Russia

Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, which has now been ongoing for almost two years, is not only leading to significant political re-evaluations, but is also bringing with it significant transformations in Eurasian transport routes. One of the…
OSW Commentary | | Jakub Jakóbowski

Chinas foreign direct investments within the 16+1 cooperation formula strategy institutions results

The development of the ‘16+1’ format largely reflected China’s strategic aims defined at the beginning of the diplomatic offensive in the region.
Analyses | | Jakub Jakóbowski, Joanna Hyndle-Hussein, Marcin Kaczmarski

The ChinaCentral and Eastern Europe summit a new vision of cooperation old instruments

One of the principal aims underlying China’s development of the ‘16+1’ format is to increase its soft power in Europe.
OSW Commentary | | Marcin Kaczmarski

China on Central-Eastern Europe 16+1 as seen from Beijing

Regardless of the limited effectiveness of activities carried out so far, China has continued its ‘16+1’ initiative.
Analyses | | Tomasz Dąborowski

Bucharest the prime ministers of China and the countries of Central and South-Eastern Europe meet

So far the intensification of political contacts has not been accompanied by the dynamic influx of Chinese investment which the region’s governments expected.
Analyses | | Tomasz Dąborowski, Marta Szpala

Chinas interest in investing in South-Eastern Europe still growing

On 19 October the Chinese corporation China Guangdong Nuclear Power Group entered into an agreement for access to confidential information concerning the development of the Cernavoda nuclear power plant in Romania. During that same week,…