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OSW Commentary | | Miłosz Bartosiewicz
Russia’s public services are facing chronic issues, stemming from insufficient funding, staff shortages and uneven socio-economic development. These challenges have been exacerbated by Russia’s armed aggression against Ukraine, as the…
OSW Commentary | | Jakub Graca, Justyna Gotkowska
NATO is in the process of adjusting its nuclear deterrence in response to the modernisation of Russia’s nuclear capabilities, the deployment of Russian tactical nuclear weapons near NATO’s borders, and the Kremlin’s increasingly aggressive…
OSW Commentary | | Marek Menkiszak
Over the past few weeks, the political leadership of the Russian Federation (RF) has issued a series of statements and undertaken actions primarily aimed at Ukraine and the Western countries supporting it. These statements and actions can…
OSW Commentary | | Maciej Kalwasiński
China aspires to be the leader of the global energy transformation. Unlike the European Union and others, it hasfocused on its main priorities: enhancing national security and turning its green industry into a driving force for its economy…
OSW Commentary | | Sebastian Płóciennik
Berlin believes that the reconstruction and post-war development of Ukraine should involve not only enhancing the country’s integration with the EU market and implementing institutional reforms but also increasing engagement by the private…
OSW Commentary | | Kamil Frymark, Lidia Gibadło
For German politicians, the European Parliament (EP) election is the most important test of voting intentions ahead of the regional elections in eastern federal states planned for this autumn and the elections to the Bundestag in 2025.…
OSW Commentary | | Krzysztof Nieczypor
Much of Ukrainian diplomacy’s activity has been focused on efforts to persuade the world that it should support an end to the war with Russia on Ukraine’s terms.
OSW Commentary | | Wojciech Górecki
Azerbaijan’s restoration of its territorial integrity in the period from 2020 to 2023 marked the culmination of a thirty-year effort. The country’s foreign and security policy was subordinated to the overarching goal of recovering Nagorno-…
OSW Commentary | | Łukasz Kobeszko
Bulgaria has held five parliamentary elections over the past three years. On 9 June, the citizens of this country will once again elect a new parliament in yet another snap election. A series of interim cabinets appointed by President…
OSW Commentary | | Kamil Frymark
At present, the Alternative for Germany (AfD) is Germany’s second most popular party. In the eastern federal states, it tops the polls with more than 30% of voters’ support, which makes it a ‘catch-all’ or mass party (Volkspartei) which…