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OSW Commentary |
| Andrzej Kohut
A battle is under way in the United States Congress over the shape of the federal budget for the 2025 fiscal year. The Donald Trump administration’s stated goal is to balance the budget and reduce public debt. Its approach centres on…
OSW Commentary |
| Konrad Popławski
Over the past decade, Chinese investors have expanded their presence in European ports, acquiring significant stakes in some of the continent’s largest terminals, including those in Rotterdam, Hamburg, and Antwerp. Following the 2008…
OSW Commentary |
| Agata Łoskot-Strachota
The EU gas market faces a turbulent year in 2025. With the cessation of Russian gas transit through Ukraine from 1 January and a significant depletion of storage reserves during the winter season, concerns over rising prices in the next…
OSW Commentary |
| Andrzej Wilk, Piotr Żochowski
In early 2025, Ukraine was shaken by a scandal triggered by reports of mass desertions from the French-trained Anne of Kyiv 155th Mechanised Brigade.
OSW Commentary |
| Maciej Kalwasiński
In 2024, China’s economy continued to struggle with persistent challenges, including slower growth, weak consumption, and deflationary pressures. However, Chinese leaders view these difficulties as an acceptable and temporary cost of its…
OSW Commentary |
| Miłosz Bartosiewicz
The full-scale invasion of Ukraine has complicated the situation for the leadership of Russia’s regions. On the one hand, it has reinforced existing trends, including the Kremlin’s conservative personnel policy, which is characterised by…
Point of View |
| Łukasz Maślanka
Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 provided an impulse for the development of EU security and defence policy initiatives. Member states provided significant military assistance to Kyiv, making innovative use of Common…
OSW Commentary |
| Paulina Wankiewicz
The demographic situation in the six Western Balkans countries (WB6): Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), Montenegro, Kosovo, North Macedonia, and Serbia, has been marked by a steady decline in population over the past two decades.…
OSW Commentary |
| Łukasz Maślanka, Piotr Szymański
NATO and the EU, Europe’s two most important security institutions, are currently pursuing their second round of efforts within the past decade to enhance the crisis resilience of states and societies. The first followed Russia’s…
OSW Commentary |
| Iwona Wiśniewska
The sharp increase in wartime budget spending in 2024 has helped to sustain Russia’s high economic growth rates, particularly double-digit growth in manufacturing industries serving the military. However, the number of economic challenges…