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OSW Commentary | | Kamil Całus

Thirty years of crisis Romanias demographic situation

Over the past three decades, Romania has been among the fastest-depopulating countries in the European Union. Between the beginning of its political and economic transition and 2021, the country lost as much as 17% of its population.…
OSW Commentary | | Łukasz Maślanka, Piotr Szymański

The resilience of the European Union and NATO in an era of multiple crises

NATO and the EU, Europe’s two most important security institutions, are currently pursuing their second round of efforts within the past decade to enhance the crisis resilience of states and societies. The first followed Russia’s…
OSW Commentary | | Wojciech Konończuk

Year three of the war Russias hopes for victory and a crisis in transatlantic relations

Despite advances by Russian forces, the third year of full-scale war has not seen a fundamental shift in the military situation. However, it has brought a significant political shift with Donald Trump assuming the US presidency on 20…
OSW Commentary | | Kamil Całus

A disappearing country Moldova on the verge of a demographic catastrophe

Moldova is one of the fastest depopulating countries in the world. Since it gained independence in 1991, the population of its right-bank region (the territory controlled by Chișinău, excluding the separatist region of Transnistria) has…
OSW Commentary | | Kamil Całus, Krzysztof Nieczypor

A window with a view of membership Ukraines and Moldovas progress on the path to the EU

On 30 October, the European Commission published its annual enlargement reports containing a detailed assessment of the state of play and the progress made by the countries seeking to join the European Union, including Ukraine and Moldova…
OSW Commentary | | Agata Łoskot-Strachota, Sławomir Matuszak, Filip Rudnik

Game over The future of Russian gas transit through Ukraine

Ukraine’s seizure of a portion of Russian territory containing strategically important gas infrastructure assets has not resulted in a reduction of Russian gas flow to EU consumers. However, the rising security risks along this route in…
OSW Commentary | | Zuzanna Krzyżanowska

On the trail of the grey wolf pan-Turkism in Turkeys foreign policy

Ankara’s active policy in the Caucasus and Central Asia is linked among other things with pan-Turkism, an idea which advocates the integration of the Turkic nations. It is continuously present in the political culture of the Turkish state…
OSW Commentary | | Kamil Całus

Transnistria in the new international reality

The resistance of the defenders of Ukraine, which resulted in the failure of the original goals of Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine launched in 2022, has brought about a radical change in the political and economic situation of the…
OSW Commentary | | Kamil Całus

More independence less fear Moldovas perspective on Russia after a year of war in Ukraine

Moscow’s aggressive rhetoric and hostile behaviour towards the Moldovan government, in the context of its invasion of Ukraine, have led to a significant acceleration of the process of erosion of Russian influence in Moldova. Although this…
OSW Commentary | | Kamil Całus

Separatism and gas Russian attempts to destabilise Moldova

As the price crisis in Moldova has worsened in recent months, Moscow has taken steps to destabilise the country. These are particularly evident in the autonomous Gagauzia, which has traditionally orientated itself towards Russia and where…