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OSW Commentary | | Łukasz Maślanka, Piotr Szymański

The resilience of the European Union and NATO in an era of multiple crises

NATO and the EU, Europe’s two most important security institutions, are currently pursuing their second round of efforts within the past decade to enhance the crisis resilience of states and societies. The first followed Russia’s…
OSW Commentary | | Wojciech Konończuk

Year three of the war Russias hopes for victory and a crisis in transatlantic relations

Despite advances by Russian forces, the third year of full-scale war has not seen a fundamental shift in the military situation. However, it has brought a significant political shift with Donald Trump assuming the US presidency on 20…
Analyses | | Agata Łoskot-Strachota

Austria the end of direct gas supplies from Gazprom 

On 16 November, Russia’s Gazprom Export ceased supplying gas to Austria’s OMV under a long-term contract. Its terms envisioned the delivery of around 5 TWh of gas (0.5 bcm) monthly till 2040. The cessation of supplies follows the OMV’s win…
OSW Report | | Agata Łoskot-Strachota

The unfinished de-russification. The remnants of energy ties between the EU and Russia

The launch of Russia’s full-scale aggression against Ukraine and its economic war with the West have led to an unprecedented reduction in the European Union’s energy ties with Moscow. Brussels has proven more willing than many expected to…
Analyses | | Ilona Gizińska, Paulina Wankiewicz

Better from Russia than via Croatia the future of oil supplies to Hungary and Slovakia

In July, the Russian oil company Lukoil ceased its oil supplies to Slovakia and Hungary due to sanctions imposed by Ukraine.
Analyses | | OSWs Central European Department

Hungarian-Slovak Dispute with Ukraine Suspension of Lukoil Oil Supplies

Following Ukraine's decision on 24 June to extend sanctions on the Russian oil company Lukoil, including the transit of oil through Ukrainian territory, the company suspended deliveries via the southern branch of the Druzhba pipeline,…
Analyses | | Ilona Gizińska, Krzysztof Nieczypor

Putting on brave faces Orbáns visit to Kyiv

On 2 July, Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbán and President Volodymyr Zelensky met in Kyiv. This was his first visit to Ukraine in seven years, taking place a day after Budapest assumed the rotating presidency of the Council of the…
Analyses | | Jakub Ber, Piotr Żochowski, Jacek Tarociński

The first shells under the Czech initiative have arrived in Ukraine Day 859 of the war

OSW Commentary | | Jakub Graca, Justyna Gotkowska

NATOs nuclear deterrence is it time for change

NATO is in the process of adjusting its nuclear deterrence in response to the modernisation of Russia’s nuclear capabilities, the deployment of Russian tactical nuclear weapons near NATO’s borders, and the Kremlin’s increasingly aggressive…
OSW Report | | Konrad Popławski, Sandra Baniak, Adam Michalski, Marcin Popławski

The Middle Corridor. A Eurasian alternative to Russia

Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, which has now been ongoing for almost two years, is not only leading to significant political re-evaluations, but is also bringing with it significant transformations in Eurasian transport routes. One of the…