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OSW Commentary | | Łukasz Maślanka, Piotr Szymański

The resilience of the European Union and NATO in an era of multiple crises

NATO and the EU, Europe’s two most important security institutions, are currently pursuing their second round of efforts within the past decade to enhance the crisis resilience of states and societies. The first followed Russia’s…
Analyses | | Lidia Gibadło, Michał Bogusz, Łukasz Maślanka

Chinese consultations in Germany and France economic cooperation despite differences

The Prime Minister of China and a delegation of nine members of the State Council visited Germany on 18–21 June. The main reason for the visit was the 7th Sino-German ‘Joint Action for Sustainable Development’ intergovernmental…
Analyses | | Justyna Gotkowska, Łukasz Maślanka

France against Germanys European Sky Shield Initiative

On 19 June, a meeting aimed at harmonising European countries’ air defence policies was held in Paris, at the initiative of President Emmanuel Macron. It was attended by defence ministers and state secretaries from 20 European countries,…