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Analyses |
| Łukasz Maślanka
On 19 March, the European Commission and the EU High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, Kaja Kallas, presented the so-called White Paper on the future of European defence: Readiness 2030. It updates the assessment of…
Analyses |
| Łukasz Maślanka
At a special European Council meeting held on 6 March, the leaders of EU member states expressed their support for most elements of the five-point ReArm Europe plan, which had been presented by the President of the European Commission two…
OSW Commentary |
| Łukasz Maślanka, Piotr Szymański
NATO and the EU, Europe’s two most important security institutions, are currently pursuing their second round of efforts within the past decade to enhance the crisis resilience of states and societies. The first followed Russia’s…
Analyses |
| Łukasz Maślanka
On 3 February, EU leaders gathered in Brussels for an informal meeting to discuss security and defence policy issues ahead of the forthcoming publication of a White Paper on the future of European defence, scheduled for March.
Analyses |
| Łukasz Maślanka
On 17 September, European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen presented the proposed composition of the new College of Commissioners. As previously announced, a new position of Commissioner for Defence and Space has been created and…
OSW Commentary |
| Łukasz Maślanka
Over the course of his seven-year presidency, Emmanuel Macron has had complete freedom in shaping France's foreign and security policy. This autonomy is evident in France’s fluctuating stance towards Russia, from initial hopes of building…
Analyses |
| Łukasz Maślanka
In a speech at the Sorbonne on 25 April, President Emmanuel Macron called on France’s European allies to develop a credible strategic concept over the coming months for defending the continent based on their own capabilities. These moves…
Analyses |
| Łukasz Maślanka
On 18 March, the Council of the EU passed a decision modifying the form of the European Peace Facility (EPF, see ‘An EU War Chest: the success and uncertain future of the European Peace Facility’).
Analyses |
| Łukasz Maślanka
On 5 March, the European Commission and the EU High Representative for Foreign and Security Policy unveiled the European Defence Industrial Strategy (EDIS), together with a draft regulation entitled the European Defence Industry Programme…
Analyses |
| Łukasz Maślanka
During a visit to the Czech Republic on 5 March, President Emmanuel Macron reiterated his position that sending troops from Western countries to Ukraine could not be ruled out. He suggested that the Russian-Ukrainian war is “our war”. He…