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Analyses |
| Łukasz Maślanka
In a speech at the Sorbonne on 25 April, President Emmanuel Macron called on France’s European allies to develop a credible strategic concept over the coming months for defending the continent based on their own capabilities. These moves…
Analyses |
| Łukasz Maślanka
On 18 March, the Council of the EU passed a decision modifying the form of the European Peace Facility (EPF, see ‘An EU War Chest: the success and uncertain future of the European Peace Facility’).
Analyses |
| Łukasz Maślanka
On 5 March, the European Commission and the EU High Representative for Foreign and Security Policy unveiled the European Defence Industrial Strategy (EDIS), together with a draft regulation entitled the European Defence Industry Programme…
Analyses |
| Łukasz Maślanka
During a visit to the Czech Republic on 5 March, President Emmanuel Macron reiterated his position that sending troops from Western countries to Ukraine could not be ruled out. He suggested that the Russian-Ukrainian war is “our war”. He…
Analyses |
| Krzysztof Nieczypor, Ilona Gizińska, Łukasz Maślanka
At an extraordinary summit held on 1 February in Brussels, the European Council (hereafter the Council) decided to launch the Ukraine Facility, an instrument intended to provide financial assistance to Kyiv in the period from 2024 to 2027…
OSW Commentary |
| Łukasz Maślanka
The Belgian Presidency of the EU Council, which commenced on 1 January this year, is prioritising the implementation of the objectives outlined in the Strategic Compass. This includes the initiation of EU rapid reaction forces, referred to…
OSW Commentary |
| Łukasz Maślanka
The EU’s security policy towards the Sahel has reached an impasse following a series of coups in the region. The EU sees it as an area of its extended southern neighbourhood and focuses primarily on its partnership with the group of five…
Analyses |
| Jakub Ber, Piotr Żochowski, Jakub Graca, Łukasz Maślanka
At dawn on 10 October, the Russians launched an offensive operation at Avdiivka. The city and its immediate surroundings came under intense barrelled artillery fire and rocket systems (thermobaric and incendiary phosphorus shells, among…
OSW Commentary |
| Łukasz Maślanka
The military support that NATO and EU countries have been providing to Ukraine since the beginning of the Russian invasion has revealed a significant reduction in their stocks of ammunition (including artillery ammunition) since the end of…
OSW Commentary |
| Łukasz Maślanka
On 26 June the Council of the EU raised the ceiling for the financing of the European Peace Facility (EPF) for the second time this year, this time by €3.5 billion. It will now total €10.5 billion at 2018 prices or around €12 billion at…