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OSW Commentary |
| Maciej Kalwasiński
In 2024, China’s economy continued to struggle with persistent challenges, including slower growth, weak consumption, and deflationary pressures. However, Chinese leaders view these difficulties as an acceptable and temporary cost of its…
OSW Commentary |
| Iwona Wiśniewska, Maciej Kalwasiński
Since December 2023, the US administration has been increasing its pressure on Russia’s financial sector and its foreign partners. This has made it progressively more difficult for the Russian Federation to pay for imported goods and…
OSW Commentary |
| Maciej Kalwasiński
In the vision for the economy presented by the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) at the Third Plenum of the 20th Central Committee (CC), technological progress is portrayed as the solution to the major issues affecting the…
OSW Commentary |
| Maciej Kalwasiński
China aspires to be the leader of the global energy transformation. Unlike the European Union and others, it hasfocused on its main priorities: enhancing national security and turning its green industry into a driving force for its economy…
OSW Commentary |
| Maciej Kalwasiński
The People’s Bank of China has reported that the third quarter of 2023 saw an outflow of foreign direct investment (FDI); this is the first time this has happened in at least 25 years. However, these data do not fully reflect real economic…
OSW Commentary |
| Maciej Kalwasiński
China’s economy started the year with a clear upturn after the ‘zero COVID’ strategy was lifted, but the macroeconomic data published in recent weeks has clearly fallen short of expectations. The situation has caused disquiet in Beijing…