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Analyses |
| Maciej Kalwasiński, Michał Bogusz
On 9 October, China’s Ministry of Commerce announced an expansion of oversight of foreign sales of dual-use civilian and military goods, including rare earth metals and the technologies used to produce them, advanced lithium-ion batteries…
OSW Commentary |
| Krzysztof Nieczypor, Sławomir Matuszak
The Russian–Ukrainian war has been marked by the unprecedented use of unmanned aerial vehicles. The effectiveness of drones on the battlefield has led to their widespread deployment by the Armed Forces of Ukraine (AFU), enabled by their…
Analyses |
| Lidia Gibadło, Jacek Tarociński
At the beginning of October, unidentified drones were spotted over Munich Airport, disrupting operations at the facility for several hours. This was yet another incident of its kind in recent weeks. At the end of September, drones were…
OSW Commentary |
| Paulina Uznańska
The year 2025, marking the 50th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between the European Union and the People’s Republic of China, is also going down in the history of their mutual relations as the period when Beijing…
Analyses |
| Piotr Szymański, Jacek Tarociński
On 3 October, NATO’s Multi-Corps Land Component Command – North (MCLCC-N) was inaugurated in Mikkeli, in east-central Finland. This de facto army-level command is tasked with planning and conducting land operations on NATO’s northern flank.
Analyses |
| Andrzej Wilk, Piotr Żochowski
Analyses |
| Krzysztof Dębiec
The opposition ANO movement, led by oligarch Andrej Babiš, achieved the best result in the parliamentary elections held on 3–4 October, winning 34.5% of the vote and securing 80 seats in the 200-member Chamber of Deputies. With voter…
Analyses |
| Wojciech Górecki
Georgian Dream (GD), the party led by billionaire Bidzina Ivanishvili, which has been in power for 13 years, secured a decisive victory in Georgia’s local elections on 4 October. According to exit polls, the party received 81.7% of the…
OSW Commentary |
| Aleksandra Kozaczyńska
The trade war between the United States and China has triggered serious economic repercussions for the EU, including Germany. In response to Washington’s tariff increases in April 2025, Beijing not only raised duties on US goods but also…