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Analyses | | Aleksandra Kozaczyńska
In 2024, the United States was Germany’s most important trading partner, with a trade volume of €253.4 billion and a surplus of €70 billion (see table). The US thus surpassed the previous leader, China (€254.2 billion in trade volume in…
OSW Commentary | | Łukasz Maślanka, Piotr Szymański
NATO and the EU, Europe’s two most important security institutions, are currently pursuing their second round of efforts within the past decade to enhance the crisis resilience of states and societies. The first followed Russia’s…
OSW Commentary | | Wojciech Konończuk
Despite advances by Russian forces, the third year of full-scale war has not seen a fundamental shift in the military situation. However, it has brought a significant political shift with Donald Trump assuming the US presidency on 20…
Analyses | | Ilona Gizińska
Between 11 and 12 February, Alice Weidel, the chancellor candidate endorsed by the far-right Alternative for Germany (AfD) party, visited Budapest. During a nearly hour-long joint press conference, Viktor Orbán stated that he regarded all…
Analyses | | Krzysztof Dębiec
People took to the streets in numerous cities across Slovakia on 23 and 24 January. These were the largest anti-government protests since demonstrations in 2018 following the murder of investigative journalist Ján Kuciak. In the capital…
Analyses | | Krzysztof Dębiec
On 4 and 17 December, Slovakia’s Minister of Economy, Denisa Saková, travelled to St. Petersburg for talks with Gazprom’s leadership. The minister was accompanied by Vojtech Ferencz, the CEO of Slovenský plynárenský priemysel (SPP),…
Analyses | | Agata Łoskot-Strachota
On 16 November, Russia’s Gazprom Export ceased supplying gas to Austria’s OMV under a long-term contract. Its terms envisioned the delivery of around 5 TWh of gas (0.5 bcm) monthly till 2040. The cessation of supplies follows the OMV’s win…
OSW Commentary | | Robert Pszczel
For many years, a variety of concepts linked with the so-called European security and defence identity had appeared, vanished and re-emerged in the public space. Numerous terms and ideas related to this concept have been enjoying life of…
OSW Report | | Agata Łoskot-Strachota
The launch of Russia’s full-scale aggression against Ukraine and its economic war with the West have led to an unprecedented reduction in the European Union’s energy ties with Moscow. Brussels has proven more willing than many expected to…
Analyses | | Krzysztof Dębiec
On 7 October, Slovak-Ukrainian intergovernmental consultations were held near Uzhhorod, in the Zakarpattia Oblast. During the meeting, the two sides reviewed the progress of the projects outlined in the so-called roadmap, which had been…