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OSW Commentary | | Joanna Hyndle-Hussein

Increasingly distant neighbours Lithuania towards Belarusians

In the last three years Belarusians have become the fastest growing group of foreigners in Lithuania. At present, the Belarusian diaspora in this country numbers some 61,000 people, 80 percent of whom have settled there primarily for…
OSW Commentary | | Bartosz Chmielewski, Jacek Tarociński

The Baltic states and Finland fencing themselves off from Russia and Belarus

The migratory pressure on the Polish, Lithuanian and Latvian borders with Belarus which has been ongoing since mid-2021, as well as Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine, have spurred the Baltic states and Finland to ramp up their…
OSW Commentary | | Bartosz Chmielewski

How to postpone a demographic crisis Estonia and the lifeline of immigration

Estonia is the only one of the three Baltic states to have recorded stable population growth in recent years. The main reason for this has been the increasingly positive rates of immigration and re-remigration, which have enabled Estonia…
OSW Commentary | | Bartosz Chmielewski

Far behind Riga Latvias problems with uneven development

Latvia’s economic situation is gradually deteriorating due to its uneven development. One of the main reasons for this is that the metropolis of Riga accounts for as much as two-thirds of the country’s economic growth. Economic and social…
OSW Commentary | | OSW team

A multi-speed mobilisation NATOs eastern flank one year after the Russian invasion of Ukraine

The Russian invasion of Ukraine has challenged the security of the countries of NATO's eastern flank on an unprecedented scale. The Baltic states, the Visegrad Group and the Black Sea states are all situated in the neighbourhood of Ukraine…
OSW Commentary | | Piotr Szymański

Seeking an additional reassurance The EU and France in Estonias security policy

Over the last few years, Tallinn has been increasingly involved in military cooperation in the EU and with France. To date, Estonia is the only country on NATO’s eastern flank to join the French-led European Intervention Initiative. The…
OSW Commentary | | Joanna Hyndle-Hussein

Vilnius cancels Lukashenka Lithuanias policy on the Belarus crisis

The Lithuanian government has not recognised the legality of the election of Alyaksandr Lukashenka as President of the Republic of Belarus, and it now regards the opposition as their main partner. Lithuania has taken on the role of…
OSW Commentary | | Agata Łoskot-Strachota, Szymon Kardaś

Gazproms interests hit by CJEU judgment on OPAL pipeline

On 10 September, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) annulled a decision issued by the European Commission on 28 October 2016 allowing the Russian Gazprom to send greater volumes of gas through the OPAL pipeline. The CJEU…
OSW Commentary | | Justyna Gotkowska, Piotr Szymański

NATOs Northeast Quartet Prospects and Opportunities for Baltic-Polish Defence Cooperation

For quite some time, territorial defence seemed to be an obsolete need, a leftover from the Cold War era. However, Russia’s overt and covert uses of military force—against Georgia in 2008 and against Ukraine since 2014—have profoundly…
OSW Commentary | | Piotr Szymański

Between continuation and adaptation The Baltic states security policy and armed forces

The Baltic states have responded to the increasing Russian military potential by taking measures to strengthen their own military potential.