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OSW Commentary | | Łukasz Maślanka, Piotr Szymański

The resilience of the European Union and NATO in an era of multiple crises

NATO and the EU, Europe’s two most important security institutions, are currently pursuing their second round of efforts within the past decade to enhance the crisis resilience of states and societies. The first followed Russia’s…
OSW Commentary | | Wojciech Konończuk

Year three of the war Russias hopes for victory and a crisis in transatlantic relations

Despite advances by Russian forces, the third year of full-scale war has not seen a fundamental shift in the military situation. However, it has brought a significant political shift with Donald Trump assuming the US presidency on 20…
OSW Commentary | | Marek Menkiszak

Russia against Trump – Moscows tough game

Moscow has reacted to the inauguration and the initial decisions of President Donald Trump with restraint. On the one hand, Russia has sent positive signals, including congratulations and declarations of readiness for dialogue. On the…
OSW Commentary | | Michał Bogusz, Witold Rodkiewicz

Three years of war in Ukraine the Chinese-Russian alliance passes the test

China’s support for Russia in its conflict with Ukraine and the West equates to it investing in Putin’s Russia. Beijing cannot afford for Putin to fail, as this would threaten the stability of the anti-Western regime in Russia. The war in…
OSW Commentary | | Kamil Całus

A disappearing country Moldova on the verge of a demographic catastrophe

Moldova is one of the fastest depopulating countries in the world. Since it gained independence in 1991, the population of its right-bank region (the territory controlled by Chișinău, excluding the separatist region of Transnistria) has…
OSW Commentary | | Michał Bogusz

Acceptance regardless of the costs Chinas stance on the Russia–North Korea alliance

The increasingly intensive cooperation between Russia and North Korea since September 2023 poses a significant threat to the US-led security system in East Asia. By fostering this partnership, Moscow is creating a new axis of international…
OSW Commentary | | Kamil Całus, Krzysztof Nieczypor

A window with a view of membership Ukraines and Moldovas progress on the path to the EU

On 30 October, the European Commission published its annual enlargement reports containing a detailed assessment of the state of play and the progress made by the countries seeking to join the European Union, including Ukraine and Moldova…
OSW Commentary | | Sławomir Matuszak, Piotr Żochowski

The Gordian knot of mobilisation Ukraine balancing the needs of the military and business

The increasing number of men who have been granted deferment from military service in recent months and the problems in the implementation of mobilisation plans have urged the Ukrainian authorities to carry out an audit of companies deemed…
OSW Commentary | | Kamil Kłysiński

Tough business in tough times Belarusian exports of potash fertilisers

The extraction of potash salts and their processing into fertilisers have long been hallmarks of Belarusian industrial success. The state-owned company Belaruskali accounted for up to 20% of the global market, relying entirely on domestic…
OSW Commentary | | Robert Pszczel

Europes security without America an imperative of the moment or a dangerous idea

For many years, a variety of concepts linked with the so-called European security and defence identity had appeared, vanished and re-emerged in the public space. Numerous terms and ideas related to this concept have been enjoying life of…