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OSW Report | | Iwona Wiśniewska

Pivot to the east. Russia’s transport policy

As a result of Russia’s aggression against Ukraine, which has been ongoing since 2014, and the ensuing Western sanctions, Russia has reoriented its foreign trade towards the East. This is a permanent shift which stems from Russia’s…
OSW Commentary | | Kamil Frymark

An alternative alliance will Germanys extreme right and extreme left parties join forces

Pro-Russian, anti-EU, and anti-American parties – the far right Alternative for Germany (AfD) and the far left Sahra Wagenknecht Alliance (BSW) – have been gaining ground in Germany. In the September elections to the Landtags in Saxony and…
OSW Report | | Jakub Ber, Tadeusz Iwański, Marcin Jędrysiak, Sławomir Matuszak, Krzysztof Nieczypor, Piotr Żochowski

Defence and determination. Ukraine during the third year of the Russian invasion

The full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine has continued for over 30 months, without a clear outcome in si
OSW Report | | Marek Menkiszak

Winning the war with Russia is still possible. The West’s counter-strategy towards Moscow

Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine aims to subjugate or destroy Ukraine, overturn the current political and security order in Europe, and fundamentally revise the global order. The conflict is systemic in nature and will continue as…
OSW Commentary | | Michał Bogusz

Chinas pressure on the Philippines the risk of an escalating conflict

Despite its formal defence alliance with the United States, the Philippines has been grappling with China’s increasing pressure in the South China Sea. The growing number of maritime incidents risks escalating local tensions into a full-…
OSW Commentary | | Andrzej Kohut

The architects of America First and the potential consequences of a Trump victory for European security

The prospect of Donald Trump’s potential victory in the US presidential election raises questions regarding the consequences of his possible presidency for European security. During the election campaign, he repeatedly announced his…
OSW Report | | Agata Łoskot-Strachota

The unfinished de-russification. The remnants of energy ties between the EU and Russia

The launch of Russia’s full-scale aggression against Ukraine and its economic war with the West have led to an unprecedented reduction in the European Union’s energy ties with Moscow. Brussels has proven more willing than many expected to…
OSW Commentary | | Wojciech Górecki

A Journey into a glorious past three terms of Georgian Dream

The 12 years of Georgian Dream (GD) rule have been marked by a series of successes in terms of political effectiveness and tangible achievements. The party has won parliamentary and local elections three times, and candidates backed by…
OSW Commentary | | Piotr Szymański

Universal selective and lottery-based conscription in the Nordic and Baltic states

The Nordic and Baltic region is currently experiencing a significant expansion of conscription and reserve forces. In addition to accelerated military modernisation and the reinforcement of NATO’s north-eastern flank, enhancing…
OSW Commentary | | Iwona Wiśniewska, Maciej Kalwasiński

Russias weak spot the financial sanctions are working

Since December 2023, the US administration has been increasing its pressure on Russia’s financial sector and its foreign partners. This has made it progressively more difficult for the Russian Federation to pay for imported goods and…