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OSW Commentary |
| Zuzanna Krzyżanowska
After many years of rapid population growth, Turkey’s demographic future hangs in the balance. The record-low birth rate in 2023 and the changing age structure indicate that Turkish society is entering a stage of ageing typical for highly…
OSW Commentary |
| Andrzej Sadecki
On 27 July 2024, Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbán delivered his annual keynote speech in Băile Tușnad, Transylvania, Romania, which was almost entirely focussed on global issues. Orbán emphasised that Europe needs to emancipate itself…
OSW Commentary |
| Joanna Hyndle-Hussein, Kamil Kłysiński
Hostile attitudes towards Belarusians in Lithuania have become more widespread as a result of the Russian invasion of Ukraine with Belarus’s involvement. This animosity has been further exacerbated by the ongoing debate in the Lithuanian…
OSW Commentary |
| Sławomir Matuszak
The Russian invasion of Ukraine has caused a surge in Polish-Ukrainian trade, mainly due to an increase in Polish exports which grew by more than 80% between 2021 and 2023. Poland’s imports have remained at pre-war levels, with the…
OSW Commentary |
| Paulina Uznańska
Processors are at the heart of the Chinese-US rivalry. They are among the key technologies in which the US holds such global dominance that it can slow China’s growth. The unprecedented export restrictions that the US introduced in 2022…
OSW Commentary |
| Łukasz Maślanka
Over the course of his seven-year presidency, Emmanuel Macron has had complete freedom in shaping France's foreign and security policy. This autonomy is evident in France’s fluctuating stance towards Russia, from initial hopes of building…
OSW Commentary |
| Bartosz Chmielewski
Due to its negative natural increase and emigration, Latvia is one of the fastest depopulating countries in the world, losing 18,000–20,000 inhabitants annually – the equivalent of a medium-sized Latvian town. Although the country’s…
OSW Commentary |
| Robert Pszczel, Piotr Szymański
Three themes were dominant at the NATO Summit in Washington (9–11 July): the reinforcement of allied deterrence and defence, support for Ukraine, and cooperation with the partners in the Indo-Pacific. NATO continues to adapt its command…
OSW Commentary |
| Katarzyna Chawryło
Russia has seen a negative natural population growth rate for three decades, except for a brief period between 2013 and 2015. Since 2020, the natural population decline has no longer been offset by a positive migration balance. As a result…
OSW Commentary |
| Robert Pszczel
Ukraine’s defensive war is a struggle for high stakes: the existence of the Ukrainian state and the security of the entire Western world. The upcoming NATO summit in Washington, like the previous one in Vilnius, will not bring any…