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OSW Commentary |
| Marcin Popławski
Together with a domestic crisis at the beginning of 2022, followed by the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Kazakhstan entered a period of fundamental challenges and re-evaluations. It took President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev 14 months to stabilise…
OSW Commentary |
| Witold Rodkiewicz
Less than a decade ago, both Russian and Indian analysts would have described the relations between Moscow and New Delhi as problem-free from a political perspective. No other power was as convenient a partner for Russia as India. The…
OSW Commentary |
| Filip Rudnik
More than six months after the European Union imposed sanctions on Russian exports of oil and petroleum products, Russia’s oil sector has adapted to the new reality. Having found new markets, the industry has managed to cut crude…
OSW Commentary |
| Karolina Zielińska
The European Union’s trade relations with Israel are asymmetrical, but the overall volume of their trade in goods and services has been growing rapidly. The EU is Israel’s top partner in this field, while Israel ranks outside the top 30 of…
OSW Commentary |
| Justyna Gotkowska, Jakub Graca
The main topics of the NATO Vilnius Summit held on 11–12 July were deterrence and defence, Ukraine’s future membership of NATO, and deepening relations with partners in the Indo-Pacific. The Alliance is partly returning to the defence…
OSW Commentary |
| Iwona Wiśniewska
The Kremlin has made further attempts in recent months to use the food market to intensify pressure on the West, primarily in order to ease the sanctions imposed on the Russian Federation. For example, Moscow is again threatening to pull…
OSW Commentary |
| Jadwiga Rogoża
The Russian invasion of Ukraine has aggravated the country’s already extremely difficult demographic situation, creating the prospect of a demographic catastrophe. Over the course of its three decades of independence, Ukraine has…
OSW Commentary |
| Łukasz Maślanka
On 26 June the Council of the EU raised the ceiling for the financing of the European Peace Facility (EPF) for the second time this year, this time by €3.5 billion. It will now total €10.5 billion at 2018 prices or around €12 billion at…
OSW Commentary |
| Maciej Kalwasiński
China’s economy started the year with a clear upturn after the ‘zero COVID’ strategy was lifted, but the macroeconomic data published in recent weeks has clearly fallen short of expectations. The situation has caused disquiet in Beijing…
OSW Commentary |
| OSWs Russian Department
Yevgeny Prigozhin’s mutiny came as a shock to the Russian elite. Moreover, the ease with which the Wagner troops seized Rostov-on-Don and started to head towards Moscow without encountering any major resistance provoked panic. Some…