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Analyses |
| Iwona Wiśniewska, Filip Rudnik
On 24 February, the European Union adopted its 16th package of sanctions against Russia, targeting the energy, financial, and metallurgical sectors. A key element of the package is the further tightening of restrictions on the sale of…
OSW Commentary |
| Filip Rudnik
Russia is gradually advancing its ‘pivot to the East’ in natural gas exports, as evidenced by the growing importance of China, which has become Gazprom’s most significant market. The redirection of supply volumes to Asia is a necessity for…
Analyses |
| Miłosz Bartosiewicz, Filip Rudnik
The Russian government has responded with significant delay to the worst environmental disaster in the Black Sea in years. The incident, which occurred in mid-December, was caused by a collision involving two tankers transporting heavy…
Analyses |
| Filip Rudnik
The sanctions package adopted on 10 January by the outgoing Biden administration represents the most severe blow to Russia’s oil sector since early 2023. The restrictions targeted a record number of tankers from the ‘shadow fleet’ which…
Analyses |
| Iwona Wiśniewska, Filip Rudnik
On 21 November, the United States further tightened financial restrictions on Russia. This time, Gazprombank, along with its Swiss-based subsidiaries and over 50 smaller Russian banks involved in facilitating Russian foreign trade, was…
OSW Commentary |
| Agata Łoskot-Strachota, Sławomir Matuszak, Filip Rudnik
Ukraine’s seizure of a portion of Russian territory containing strategically important gas infrastructure assets has not resulted in a reduction of Russian gas flow to EU consumers. However, the rising security risks along this route in…
Analyses |
| Filip Rudnik
According to media reports, three LNG carriers called at the Russian Arctic LNG 2 facility in August of this year. Published satellite images reveal that these vessels collected LNG produced at the facility, marking the commencement of…
Analyses |
| Filip Rudnik
On 24 June, the European Union adopted its 14th package of sanctions against the Russian Federation, which covers a number of areas including trade, transport and finances. The document imposes individual restrictions on 69 individuals and…
Analyses |
| Filip Rudnik
In May, Gazprom published its annual financial report for 2023, revealing a loss of 629 billion roubles (around $7 billion at the current exchange rate). This is the first time the company has reported a negative result since 1999. The…
OSW Commentary |
| Filip Rudnik
Ukrainian drone strikes on refinery facilities inside Russia have dealt a significant blow to the Russian fuel sector. During the first four months of 2024, the Ukrainian forces attacked more than a dozen refineries; damage of varying…