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OSW Commentary |
| Łukasz Maślanka, Piotr Szymański
NATO and the EU, Europe’s two most important security institutions, are currently pursuing their second round of efforts within the past decade to enhance the crisis resilience of states and societies. The first followed Russia’s…
OSW Commentary |
| Łukasz Maślanka
Over the course of his seven-year presidency, Emmanuel Macron has had complete freedom in shaping France's foreign and security policy. This autonomy is evident in France’s fluctuating stance towards Russia, from initial hopes of building…
OSW Commentary |
| Łukasz Maślanka
The Belgian Presidency of the EU Council, which commenced on 1 January this year, is prioritising the implementation of the objectives outlined in the Strategic Compass. This includes the initiation of EU rapid reaction forces, referred to…
OSW Commentary |
| Łukasz Maślanka
The EU’s security policy towards the Sahel has reached an impasse following a series of coups in the region. The EU sees it as an area of its extended southern neighbourhood and focuses primarily on its partnership with the group of five…
OSW Commentary |
| Łukasz Maślanka
The military support that NATO and EU countries have been providing to Ukraine since the beginning of the Russian invasion has revealed a significant reduction in their stocks of ammunition (including artillery ammunition) since the end of…
OSW Commentary |
| Łukasz Maślanka
On 26 June the Council of the EU raised the ceiling for the financing of the European Peace Facility (EPF) for the second time this year, this time by €3.5 billion. It will now total €10.5 billion at 2018 prices or around €12 billion at…