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OSW Commentary |
| Krzysztof Strachota
Turkey’s official attitude towards the Russia-Ukraine war is essentially in line with NATO’s position on the conflict (it has shown support for Ukraine’s sovereignty and territorial integrity, including in the UN, and provided material aid…
OSW Commentary |
| Michał Kędzierski
The German economy is heavily dependent on natural gas, almost all of which it purchases from foreign suppliers. More than half of this is from Russia. For years, Germany underestimated the dangerous degree of its gas dependence on Russia…
OSW Commentary |
| Sebastian Płóciennik
The Chinese government’s trade boycott of Lithuania risks causing economic losses for Germany and weakening the cohesion of the EU’s common market. However, Berlin is unlikely to take any decisive actions – such as pushing through…
OSW Commentary |
| Justyna Gotkowska, Piotr Szymański
The NATO member states do not have a common position concerning sending arms supplies to Ukraine. In January, under increasing military pressure from Russia, it was the US, the UK, the Baltic states, the Czech Republic and Poland which…
OSW Report |
| Michał Kędzierski
The phasing out of coal (Kohleausstieg) is the next stage of Germany’s energy transformation, after nuclear power plant shutdowns. Lignite and hard coal still play an important role in the German energy sector, but are also a significant…
OSW Commentary |
| Sławomir Matuszak, Tadeusz Iwański
In November, an open conflict broke out between President Volodymyr Zelensky and Ukraine’s richest businessman, Rinat Akhmetov. The main cause was Zelensky’s signing of the so-called law on oligarchs.
OSW Report |
| Sławomir Matuszak
INTRODUCTION
OSW Commentary |
| Maria Domańska
The dynamics of the domestic political situation in Russia in 2021 was determined by the authorities' crackdown on Alexei Navalny – the most important opposition figure – as well as on his associates and supporters. The aim was to destroy…
OSW Commentary |
| Wojciech Górecki, Krzysztof Strachota
A year after the end of the second Karabakh war, the situation in the South Caucasus evades simple definition.
OSW Commentary |
| Sebastian Płóciennik
The adaptation of the economy and the state to new information technologies – next to the energy transformation (Energiewende) – is viewed as one of the greatest civilisational challenges Germany is currently facing. However, progress in…