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Analyses |
| Bartosz Chmielewski
On 12 April, the Estonian parliament gave Kaja Kallas a mandate to form a government. This will be the third cabinet to be led by the current head of the Reform Party. The new government coalition will also include the liberal Estonia 200…
Analyses |
| Andrzej Wilk, Jakub Ber
The main Ukrainian defence line in Bakhmut runs along the railway line separating the centre from the western part of the town. One of the most important points of defence is the Bakhmut-2 train station; the Bakhmut-1 train station,…
OSW Commentary |
| OSW team
31 March 2023 saw the publication of a joint letter by the prime ministers of Poland, Hungary, Romania and Slovakia, and the president of Bulgaria, to the President of the European Commission Ursula von der Leyen on the measures they…
Analyses |
| Andrzej Wilk, Jakub Ber
Russian forces have probably captured the more important facilities in the centre of Bakhmut (including administration buildings and the train station) and linked up the subdivisions attacking from the northern and southern parts of the…
Analyses |
| Michał Kędzierski
On 31 March 2023, the German Association of Gas Transmission Network Operators (FNB Gas) presented its draft Plan for gas network development in 2022–32 (Netzentwicklungsplan Gas/NEP Gas 2022–2032). The document was published after a delay…
OSW Commentary |
| Witold Rodkiewicz
On 31 March, President Vladimir Putin signed the new ‘Foreign Policy Concept of the Russian Federation’. This is the fifth version of the document adopted by the Russian Federation, and the fourth under his rule (the previous ones were…
Analyses |
| Filip Rudnik
On 21 March, during the Russian-Chinese bilateral talks, Vladimir Putin announced that “practically all the parameters” concerning the planned Power of Siberia-2 gas pipeline had been agreed with the Chinese side. Russian media reported…
Analyses |
| Agata Łoskot-Strachota
The tenth meeting of the EU-US Energy Council was held in Brussels on 4 April. The EU was represented by the High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy Josep Borrell, Energy Commissioner Kadri Simson and the Swedish…
Analyses |
| Paulina Wankiewicz
Since the beginning of the year, disputes have been mounting in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) over the directions and sources of new gas supplies. These mainly concern the construction of a gas interconnector with Croatia. The plans to…
Analyses |
| Justyna Gotkowska, Jacek Tarociński
On 4 April, the seventy-fourth anniversary of NATO’s foundation, Finland became its thirty-first member. On that day, Turkey – the last country to approve Finnish membership in the Alliance – handed over its ratification documents to the…